True ice cream

Ice cream recipes first appear in 18th century England and America. A recipe for ice cream was published in Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts in London 1718.

To ice CREAM. Take Tin Ice-Pots, fill them with any Sort of Cream you like, either plain or sweeten'd, or Fruit in it; shut your Pots very close; to six Pots you must allow eighteen or twenty Pound of Ice, breaking the Ice very small; there will be some great Pieces, which lay at the Bottom and Top: You must have a Pail, and lay some Straw at the Bottom; then lay in your Ice, and put in amongst it a Pound of Bay-Salt; set in your Pots of Cream, and lay Ice and Salt between every Pot, that they may not touch; but the Ice must lie round them on every Side; lay a good deal of Ice on the Top, cover the Pail with Straw, set it in a Cellar where no Sun or Light comes, it will be froze in four Hours, but it may stand longer; than take it out just as you use it; hold it in your Hand and it will slip out. When you wou'd freeze any Sort of Fruit, either Cherries, Rasberries, Currants, or Strawberries, fill your Tin-Pots with the Fruit, but as hollow as you can; put to them Lemmonade, made with Spring-Water and Lemmon-Juice sweeten'd; put enough in the Pots to make the Fruit hang together, and put them in Ice as you do Cream.

The earliest reference to ice cream given by the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1744, reprinted in a magazine in 1877. 1744 in Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. (1877) I. 126 Among the rarities..was some fine ice cream, which, with the strawberries and milk, eat most deliciously.

The 1751 edition of The Art of Cookery made Plain and Easy by Hannah Glasse features a recipe for ice cream. OED gives her recipe: H. GLASSE Art of Cookery (ed. 4) 333 (heading) To make Ice Cream..set it [sc. the cream] into the larger Bason. Fill it with Ice, and a Handful of Salt.

1768 saw the publication of L'Art de Bien Faire les Glaces d'Office by M. Emy, a cookbook devoted entirely to recipes for flavoured ices and ice cream.

Ice cream was introduced to the United States by Quaker colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them. Confectioners sold ice cream at their shops in New York and other cities during the colonial era. Ben Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson were known to have regularly eaten and served ice cream. First Lady Dolley Madison is also closely associated with the early history of ice cream in the United States. One respected history of ice cream states that, as the wife of U.S. President James Madison, she served ice cream at her husband's Inaugural Ball in 1813.

Around 1832, Augustus Jackson, an African American confectioner, not only created multiple ice cream recipes, but he also invented a superior technique to manufacture ice cream.

In 1843, Nancy Johnson of Philadelphia was issued the first U.S. patent for a small-scale handcranked ice cream freezer. The invention of the ice cream soda gave Americans a new treat, adding to ice cream's popularity. This cold treat was probably invented by Robert Green in 1874, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim.

Ice cream sundaes with fruit, nuts, and a wafer

The ice cream sundae originated in the late 19th century. Several men claimed to have created the first sundae, but there is no conclusive evidence to back up any of their stories. Some sources say that the sundae was invented to circumvent blue laws, which forbade serving sodas on Sunday. Towns claiming to be the birthplace of the sundae include Buffalo, New York; Two Rivers, Wisconsin; Ithaca, New York; and Evanston, Illinois. Both the ice cream cone and banana split became popular in the early 20th century. Several food vendors claimed to have invented the ice cream cone at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, MO. However, Europeans were eating cones long before 1904.

In the UK, ice cream remained an expensive and rare treat, until large quantities of ice began to be imported from Norway and the US in the mid Victorian era. A Swiss-Italian businessman, Carlo Gatti, opened the first ice cream stall outside Charing Cross station in 1851, selling scoops of ice cream in shells for one penny.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

See also: sate, seafood

Makan Siang Bagi Kita dan Mereka

Beruntunglah kita masih bisa tertawa lebar. Tak terlalu memikirkan makanan yang akan disantap hari ini atau esok hari. Terkadang dengan mudahnya kita buang-buang makanan yang sudah menjadi hak kita ke tempat sampah. Sementara, berdasarkan penelitian di daerah Muara Gembong dan Pebayuran, Kabupaten Bekasi kita bisa melihat seorang ibu yang tua renta bersusah payah demi menikmati makan siang. Ibu ini memiliki seorang anak yang telah menikah dan memberikannya cucu. Harapan dengan adanya keluarga baru ini bisa memperbaiki taraf hidup mereka ternyata tak terbukti. Mereka malah semakin melarat karena anak dan menantunya hanyalah nelayan kecil dan buruh tani lepasan yang tak jua bisa sebut pendapatan mereka cukup, apalagi berlebih. Sehingga, ibu tua renta ini mencoba membantu diri dan keluarganya dengan menangkap ikan-ikan kecil di sungai. Seringkali ikan-ikan yang tertangkap jaring-jaring ini hanyalah ikan-ikan kecil yang tak sebesar ikan gurame atau ikan mas yang biasa kita santap. Ikan-ikan yang beliau peroleh hanyalah ikan-ikan kecil sebesar ibu jari. Padahal berat juga mengangkat jaring itu di pinggir sungai dengan resiko terpeleset. Bukan hanya itu, mereka memasak kembali menggunakan kayu bakar karena tabung gas yang dibagikan pemerintah begitu menakutkan serta mengancam jiwa.

Bersyukurlah kita, dengan segala fasilitas yang kita miliki di rumah, dengan banyaknya restoran yang bisa kita kunjungi setiap saat. Tanpa perlu mengeluarkan keringat layaknya ibu tua renta yang tak pantas lagi bekerja. (Ratih)

See also: seafood

Nasi Goreng

Nasi goreng, literally meaning "fried rice" in Indonesian and Malay, can refer simply to fried pre-cooked rice, a meal including fried rice accompanied with other items, or a more complicated fried rice, typically spiced with tamarind and chilli and including other ingredients, particularly egg and prawns.

Nasi goreng is considered as national dish of Indonesia. There are many Indonesian cuisines but few national dishes. Nasi goreng is the best of them. Indonesia's national dish knows no social barriers. It can be enjoyed in its simplest manifestation from a tin plate at a roadside warung, or food stall; eaten on porcelain in fancy restaurants, or constructed at the ubiquitous buffet tables of Jakarta dinner parties.

From leftover rice to nasi goreng

The main ingredients for the plain nasi goreng include pre-cooked rice, soy sauce, garlic, shallot and some spring onions for garnishing. Nasi goreng can be eaten at any time of day, and many Indonesians, Malaysians and Singaporeans eat nasi goreng for breakfast, often using leftovers from the previous day's dinner. The rice used to make nasi goreng is cooked ahead of time and left to cool down (so it is not soggy), which is one reason to use rice cooked from the day before.

‘Special’ nasi goreng – as meal component

In restaurants, the dish is often served as a main meal accompanied by additional items such as a fried egg, fried chicken, satay, vegetables, and kerupuk (meaning crackers, also called "prawn crackers" and many other names). In many warungs (street stalls), when accompanied by a fried egg, it is sometimes called nasi goreng istimewa (special fried rice).

Source: www.wikipedia.com

See also: seafood

Karier Seorang Chef

Siapa yang mengira, memasak menjadi begitu menjanjikan sekarang ini? Tayangan soal masak memasak di televisi menjadi tren, terbukti hampir setiap stasiun televisi memiliki program kuliner. Bahkan salah satu chef perempuan menjadi seperti selebritis chef yang cantik. Ia tampil di acara gosip untuk bercerita asal muasal pilihannya menjadi ‘tukang masak’. Profesi ini seolah keluar dari kotak kecil dapur menuju dunia luas bernama entertainment. Masak menjadi hobi yang cukup menghasilkan coin and poin di masa sekarang.

Semua ini berawal dari perkembangan industri makanan pada tahun 1980-an, bukan hanya menunjukkan perubahan pada jumlah restoran yang meningkat. Tapi juga adanya tuntutan untuk standar makanan secara global serta profesi yang menjanjikan untuk penyediaan makan malam yang mewah, yaitu Chef. Di Prancis, perubahan ini berpengaruh pada status ekonomi, sosial, dan ideologi.

Kreativitas dalam kuliner memberi kesempatan pada orang yang menyukai makanan untuk berlaku lebih profesional. Sehingga, kreativitas dalam bidang kuliner menjadi begitu dihargai. Restoran bahkan menyediakan budget khusus untuk chef agar mereka lebih berkreasi dalam menciptakan ragam makanan baru, misalnya kreasi cake, pizza, seafood, pasta atau steak. Baik modifikasi dari makanan tradisional maupun makanan yang belum pernah ada.

Kreasi ini mereka peroleh setelah berkeliling Eropa mencicipi aneka makanan yang kemudian mereka masak di negerinya sendiri. Orang Amerika yang menjadi chef pada tahun 1970-an, memilih profesi ini untuk lepas dari pakem pekerjaan yang telah ada disana. Namun, hingga tahun 1980-an, restoran di Amerika yang menyediakan makanan berkelas masih dikuasai chef dari Perancis. Bagaimana dengan Indonesia?

Sumber bacaan:

“Eating Culture” by Ron Scapp dan Brian Seitz.